Gum inflammation, also known as gum disease, is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque or microbial biofilm, which consists of bacteria and food particles such as starches and sugars that adhere to the tooth surface. This occurs due to insufficient oral hygiene, allowing these substances to become a food source for bacteria. As the bacteria multiply, they release acids and toxins that trigger an inflammatory response, leading to gum disease.
The symptoms of gum disease can be divided into two stages based on the severity of the condition as follows:
1) Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease that primarily affects the gum surface, especially at the gum-tooth junction. Symptoms may include bleeding gums during brushing or flossing, gum tenderness, and swollen, red gums. Gingivitis can be treated by regular brushing to remove bacteria and plaque on the tooth surface, which will help improve the condition over time. However, if symptoms persist, the patient should visit a dentist for proper treatment.
2) Periodontitis occurs when gingivitis is left untreated. If neglected, it can lead to deep pockets between the gums and tooth roots, where bacteria accumulate. This can damage the tissues and jawbone that support the gums and teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss.
การรักษา การรักษาโรคเหงือก ทันตแพทย์ผู้ให้การรักษาด้านโรคเหงือก หรือ ปริทันตแพทย์ (Periodontist) จะมุ่งเน้นด้านการรักษาโรคปริทันต์หรือโรคเหงือก ซึ่งโดยทั่วไปมักจะหมายถึงโรคเหงือกอักเสบและโรคเยื่อหุ้มฟันอักเสบ รวมถึงการทำศัลยกรรมเหงือกและการปลูกถ่ายเหงือก
1) Scaling and Root Planing: This is a procedure to remove plaque or tartar from the teeth and below the gum line using medical instruments. It is a basic treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis.
2) Surgery: If the periodontitis is severe, the dentist may perform surgery to open the gum pockets for cleaning the affected area.
3) Gum Grafting Surgery: Gum grafting is a method used to address receding gums. This procedure helps to increase the volume and thickness of the gums in areas where damage or gum recession has occurred. The dentist may take tissue from another part of the mouth and transplant it to replace the damaged tissue.
4) Aesthetic Gum Surgery: This surgery is performed to enhance the appearance of the gums, typically to improve the smile. For example, it may involve increasing the length of the teeth. This is usually done on the front teeth to enhance the aesthetic appeal of teeth that are undergoing crown or veneer treatments for cosmetic purposes.
Preventing Gum Disease: We can prevent the occurrence of gum disease by following these methods:
1) Brush your teeth twice a day, focusing on the areas between your teeth and the gumline. Use a small-headed toothbrush with soft bristles and toothpaste containing fluoride. Additionally, change your toothbrush every 3-4 months, as old toothbrushes lose their cleaning efficiency and may cause gum injury.
2) Follow your dentist's instructions strictly when using dental cleaning tools such as dental floss, interdental brushes, or other devices.
3) Drink plenty of water, especially after meals, as it helps wash away food particles from between your teeth and reduces the risk of plaque buildup on your teeth.
4) Eat a healthy diet and avoid foods or beverages that are high in sugar.
5) Visit a dentist for a dental check-up every 6 months.
6) Quit smoking, as smoking can irritate the mouth and lead to various oral health issues.
